Prediction of vegetation anomalies over an inland river basin in north‐western China          下载免费PDF全文

Jing Fu  Jun Niu  Bellie Sivakumar 《水文研究》2018,32(12):1814-1827

Vegetation cover plays an important role in linking the atmosphere, water, and land and is deemed as a key indicator in the terrestrial ecological system. Therefore, it is of great importance to monitor vegetation dynamics and understand the mechanisms of vegetation change, including that driven by climate change. This study examines (a) the evolution of vegetation dynamics over the Heihe River Basin in the typical arid zone in north‐western China using nonparametric Mann–Kendall test and Thiel Sen's slope; (b) the relationships between remotely sensed vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI] and enhanced vegetation index [EVI]) and hydroclimatic variables based on correlation analysis; and (c) the prediction of vegetation anomalies using a multiple linear regression model. For the analysis, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer NDVI/EVI product and the gridded daily meteorological data at a spatial resolution of 0.125° over the period 2001–2010 are considered. The results indicate that vegetation cover improved over a large proportion during 2001–2010, with a significant trend towards warm and wet, characterized by an increase in average annual temperature and precipitation by 0.042 °C/year and 5.8 mm/year, respectively. We test the feasibility of NDVI and EVI in quantifying the responses of vegetation anomaly to climate change and develop a statistical model to predict vegetation dynamics in the basin. The NDVI‐based model is found to be more reliable than the EVI‐based model, partly due to the vegetation characteristics and geomorphologic properties of the study region. The proposed model performs well when there is no lag time between meteorological factors and vegetation indices for grassland and cropland, whereas 1‐month lead time prediction is found to be best for forest. The soil water content is introduced as an extra explanatory variable, which effectively improves the prediction accuracy for different land use types. In general, the predictive ability of the proposed model is stable and satisfactory, and the model can provide useful early warning information for regional water resources management under changing climate.  相似文献   

Human-induced changes in recent sedimentation rates in Bohai Bay,China: Implications for coastal development     

Fu Wang  Lizhu Tian  Xingyu Jiang  William Marshall  Hong Wang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(10):1510-1522

In many countries, coastal planners strive to balance the demands between civil, commercial strategy and environmental conversation interests for future development, particularly given the sea level rise in the 21 st century. Achieving a sustainable balance is often a dilemma, especially in low-lying coastal areas where dams in inland river basin are trapping significant amounts of fluvial sediments. We recently investigated the shore of Bohai Bay in northern China where there has been a severe increase in sea level following a program of large-scale coastal reclamation and infrastructure development over the last five decades. To investigate this trend, we obtained sediment cores from near-shore in Bohai Bay, which were dated by ~(137)Cs and ~(210)Pb radionuclides to determine the sedimentation rates for the last 50 years. The average sedimentation rates of Bohai Bay exceeded 10 mm yr~(-1) before 1963, which was much higher than the rate of local sea-level rise. However, our results showed an overall decreasing sedimentation rate after 1963, which was not able to compensate for the increasing relative sea-level rise in that period. In addition, our results revealed that erosion occurred after the 1980 s in the shallow sea area of Bohai Bay. We suggest that this situation places the Bohai Bay coast at a greater risk of inundation and erosion within the next few decades than previously thought, especially in the large new reclamation area. This study may be a case study for many other shallow sea areas of the muddy coast if the sea level continues to rise rapidly and the sediment delivered by rivers continues to decrease.  相似文献   

Precise Location of Earthquakes at the Eastern Boundaries of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block     

Fu Ying  Hu Bin  Long Feng  Wang Shiyuan 《中国地震研究》2018,32(4):470-481

Based on the seismic station data sets from Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, we employed a multi-step seismic location method (Hypo2000 + Velest + HypoDD) to precisely locate the 7,787 earthquakes that occurred during 2010-2015 along the eastern boundaries of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, namely from southern Dawu to the Qiaojia segment. The final results show that location precision is greatly advanced and epicenter distribution exhibits good consistency with the linear distribution of the seismic faults. Earthquake distribution is quite intensive at the intersection region in the southern segment of the Xianshuihe fault, the Anninghe fault zone, the Xiaojinhe fault zone and the Daliangshan fault zone to the east. The depth profile of seismicity shows a clear stepwise activity along the active seismic fault zones. The profile crossing the faults of the Xianshuihe, Anninghe, and Daliangshan presents a complex interaction among faults near the multiple faults intersection region, Shimian, where the earthquakes are obviously divided into two groups in depth. Earthquakes are very rare at the depth of 15km-20km, which is consistent with the region of the plastic rheology between 14km-19km calculated by Zhu Ailan et al.,(2005).  相似文献   

Feasibility of Re-injecting the Production Effluent from Alkali–Surfactant–Polymer Flooding Systems Back into a Reservoir to Further Improve Oil Recovery     

Zhang  Chengli  Hu  Bozhou  Wang  Peng  Fu  Xiaofei  Song  Guoliang  Liu  Haoliang 《Natural Resources Research》2020,29(3):2191-2207

Natural Resources Research - Alkali–surfactant–polymer (ASP)-produced effluent contains polymer, alkali and surfactant, and it has higher content of suspended oil droplets and suspended...  相似文献   

“地理素养与测绘技能”双驱动的GIS专业大学生创新能力培养模式的探索     

蔡忠亮  翁敏  苏世亮  亢孟军  费腾  田晶  任福 《测绘通报》2020,(8):148-152

在信息技术快速发展和万众创新、大众创业的时代背景下，创新与创新人才已成为国家发展的重要推动力，创新教育和创新人才培养成为高校的重要任务。本文以武汉大学地理信息科学（GIS）专业为例，结合专业特点和优势，探索了"地理素养、测绘技能"驱动下的GIS专业大学生创新能力的培养模式和"厚基础、重知识、强技能"的贯通式培养途径。围绕创新人才培养和成长的内在因素和外部条件，从人才培养方案与课程体系、创新型教师团队与新型教学方法、教学科研创新平台与创新条件、创新人才发展评价与激励机制等4个方面开展了创新型发展探索。结合实践表明，本模式取得了显著的创新成果，产生了良好的示范辐射作用。  相似文献   

南黄海物理-生物地球化学过程的时空异质性及内在关联和机制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

韦钦胜  王保栋  傅明珠  孙俊川  姚庆祯  辛明  于志刚 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(10):11-26

研究多重物理过程控制下陆架边缘海生物地球化学过程的时空异质性及其生态响应，对于深入认识海洋生态系统具有重要的意义。基于相关历史观测资料和卫星遥感海表温度，本文综合分析了南黄海物理-生物地球化学过程的时空变化和空间异质性特征，探讨了该海域内部典型地理单元之间的内在关联和机制。结果显示，冷季沿岸流南向输送和暖季锋面上升流垂向输运的季节性交替是影响石岛外海与海州湾外侧海域生物地球化学和初级生产的重要物理过程。夏季苏北沿岸水的东北向扩展可形成浒苔离岸/跨区域输送的动力驱动。暖季水体层化显著影响着南黄海中部冷水团海域的生物地球化学过程，春至秋季冷水团海域底层水体中的营养盐逐渐累积，形成了营养盐的重要贮库；层化季节黄海冷水团边界锋区上升流系统的存在使得南黄海叶绿素a和初级生产力高值区位置同海表低温涌升流区总体相一致。冷季南黄海西部南下的冷水与中部北向入侵的暖水共同导致了“S”型锋面的形成；暖季黄海冷水团边界锋区的上升流系统是连接层化海域和近岸区的纽带，可实现对冷水团内部营养盐的提取，从而将冷水团内部和边界区的生物地球化学过程形成有机连接，并在成山角-石岛外海、海州湾外侧、苏北浅滩东部形成三个典型的物理-生物地球化学相互作用区。本研究细化和整合了南黄海区域海洋学研究，揭示了该海域物理-生物地球化学过程的空间异质性特征和不同地理单元之间的关联性及机制，获得了对南黄海水文-生物地球化学-生态过程的综合、系统认知。  相似文献   

The cumulative characteristics of PAEs in PM2.5 in Changji,Northwest China     

Yuyan Liu  Caiye Ji  Bo Fu  Yongxin Yu  Haofeng Liu  Yaxing Shen 《自然地理学》2020,41(4):332-342

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses characteristics of the seasonal variation in phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in the PM_2.5 in the city of Changji, which is located an arid area of Xinjiang Province, northwest China. Samples were collected using a Laoying 2030 median discharge intelligent total suspended particulate (TSP) sampler and analyzed by a Shimadzu GC-2010 gas chromatograph. The results showed that PAEs in PM_2.5 were mainly composed of phthalic acid dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and phthalic acid (2-)ethyl hexyl ester (DEHP). DBP and DEHP are the most commonly used plasticizers, accounting for the majority of plasticizers used, and have large environmental emissions. Compared with the proportions of TSPs, proportions of DBP and DEHP in the PM_2.5 were lower, while the proportions of DMP and DEP were higher. A correlation exists between the distribution of PAEs and the particle size and concentration of atmospheric particulates. Seasonal variations in DBP and DEHP were the same, with lowest concentrations in the summer. Although seasonal variation in DMP was not the same as those of DBP and DEHP, the general trend was similar. Seasonal variation in DEP was different from those of other PAEs. This pattern is related to PAE characteristics and seasonal variations in their sources.  相似文献   

An efficient solution of real-time data processing for multi-GNSS network     

Xiaopeng Gong  Shengfeng Gu  Yidong Lou  Fu Zheng  Maorong Ge  Jingnan Liu 《Journal of Geodesy》2018,92(7):797-809

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are acting as an indispensable tool for geodetic research and global monitoring of the Earth, and they have been rapidly developed over the past few years with abundant GNSS networks, modern constellations, and significant improvement in mathematic models of data processing. However, due to the increasing number of satellites and stations, the computational efficiency becomes a key issue and it could hamper the further development of GNSS applications. In this contribution, this problem is overcome from the aspects of both dense linear algebra algorithms and GNSS processing strategy. First, in order to fully explore the power of modern microprocessors, the square root information filter solution based on the blocked QR factorization employing as many matrix–matrix operations as possible is introduced. In addition, the algorithm complexity of GNSS data processing is further decreased by centralizing the carrier-phase observations and ambiguity parameters, as well as performing the real-time ambiguity resolution and elimination. Based on the QR factorization of the simulated matrix, we can conclude that compared to unblocked QR factorization, the blocked QR factorization can greatly improve processing efficiency with a magnitude of nearly two orders on a personal computer with four 3.30 GHz cores. Then, with 82 globally distributed stations, the processing efficiency is further validated in multi-GNSS (GPS/BDS/Galileo) satellite clock estimation. The results suggest that it will take about 31.38 s per epoch for the unblocked method. While, without any loss of accuracy, it only takes 0.50 and 0.31 s for our new algorithm per epoch for float and fixed clock solutions, respectively.  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of significant wave height between a new Southern Ocean buoy and satellite altimeter          下载免费PDF全文

Jianjun Kang  Runyu Mao  Yiting Chang  Hongli Fu 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(5):49-55

中国于2019年第35次南极考察中,首次在南大洋布放了锚系实时综合观测浮标(西风带海洋环境监测浮标,WEMB),为深入了解此海区的海洋环境变化提供了宝贵资料.国家海洋技术中心WEMB研究团队基于AVISO公开发布的多颗卫星高度计L3产品,通过数据配对,误差统计和最小二乘线性拟合等方法,对西风带海洋环境监测浮标的有效波高数据误差进行了分析与校正.校正后的浮标有效波高统计显示西风带常年处于大浪以上海况,观测期间内57％处于巨浪海况,并且伴随有高度相关的大风天气.  相似文献   

Assessment of water inrush risk using the principal component logistic regression model in the Pandao coal mine,China     

Weitao Liu  Qiang Li  Jiyuan Zhao  Biao Fu 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(16):463

In order to improve the accuracy of floor water inrush assessment, the risk prediction model of floor water inrush was established by combining the principal component logistic regression analysis (PCLRA) and GIS spatial geographic analysis. In this paper, the geological data of Pandao coal mine was taken as the engineering background. First of all, main controlling factors of floor water inrush were determined and quantified. Next, PCLRA was used to determine the weight of each factor and establish the mathematical model for predicting the floor water inrush. And then, GIS’s spatial analysis and data processing function was used to draw related single factor thematic maps. Related thematic maps were weighted superposed to draw a floor water inrush zoning map based on PCLRA mathematical model. The study areas were divided into five levels by Jenks optimization method and vulnerability index initial model. And the corresponding threshold range was determined. The results show that (1) the high sensitivity factors in floor failure depth were added to evaluate the water inrush, and the fault fractal dimension was used to replace the fault structure related factors, and the main controlling factors of floor water inrush are more comprehensive; (2) the fitting degree of PCLRA model is high and the test accuracy is 83.3%; (3) the prediction results were well fitted to the actual position of water inrush (three water inrush points are located in the dangerous area, and two water inrush points are located in the relatively dangerous area).  相似文献